What does a forensic document examiner / sworn handwriting expert do?
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A forensic document examiner — also called a sworn handwriting expert, questioned document examiner, or court-appointed expert witness — compares a contested handwriting sample or signature against authenticated reference exemplars, examines the ink and paper under UV/IR, and drafts a reasoned expert witness report admissible before Moroccan courts. The expert acts on court appointment or at the request of lawyers, corporations, banks, or individuals in Tanger, Casablanca, Rabat, or anywhere in Morocco.
How do you prove a signature is forged or falsified in Morocco?
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Signature verification and authentication rely on a methodical comparison of the contested signature with genuine signatures from the same period: pen pressure, writing speed, proportions, and entry/exit points. Combined with ink examination under ultraviolet and infrared light, this forgery detection process determines whether the signature was imitated, traced, or digitally composited — evidence used in signature authentication disputes and forgery litigation.
What is the difference between graphology and forensic handwriting analysis?
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Graphology attempts to infer personality traits from handwriting style and has no evidentiary value. Forensic handwriting analysis (questioned document examination) scientifically establishes whether two writing samples originate from the same hand and whether a document was altered after it was drafted. Only forensic document examination is legally admissible in Moroccan courts, even though it is sometimes loosely called "graphology" by the public.
Can you detect a forged contract, deed, or altered agreement?
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Yes. Document forgery detection covers contracts, deeds, debt acknowledgements, and official documents: an inserted clause, date, or amount, scraping, chemical erasure (ink wash), page substitution, and counterfeit stamps or seals. Every finding is documented with high-resolution imagery and physical measurement, supporting cases of forgery and use of forged documents (faux et usage de faux).
Do you examine forged cheques, bank instruments, and counterfeit banknotes?
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Forged cheque examination and bill-of-exchange analysis reveal altered amounts or beneficiaries and allow comparison of the drawer's signature. Banknote authentication and counterfeit currency detection are carried out with the VSC 6000, the reference instrument used by forensic science police laboratories worldwide.
Do you work outside Tangier, across Morocco?
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The office is based in Tanger, and the expert appears before every court in the Kingdom of Morocco — Tétouan, Casablanca, Rabat, and all other jurisdictions. For a preliminary technical opinion, a remote review of high-resolution scans can be arranged before the original documents are examined.
How much does a forensic expert analysis cost and what is the turnaround time?
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Fees and timeframes depend on the nature of the assignment, the number of documents, and the availability of comparison exemplars. For court-appointed missions, fees follow procedural rules; for private engagements, a clear, no-obligation quote is provided after a confidential initial consultation.
Can I request a counter-expertise or second opinion?
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Yes. A counter-expertise (independent second opinion) involves re-examining the evidence and methodology of a previously rendered expert report to confirm or challenge its conclusions. Lawyers frequently request this when an initial forensic document examination appears weak or incomplete.
Does the examination damage the original document?
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No. Examination with the VSC 6000 is entirely non-destructive: ultraviolet, infrared, and optical magnification up to 130x do not alter the ink or the paper. The original document is returned in the exact state it was submitted — a requirement for it to retain its full evidentiary value in court.